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The second trimester is the best time for treatment, either elective and emergency. At this time, the risk of side effects is lower as the development of the fetal organs is complete. Women are generally more comfortable in this second trimester. It’s a good idea to keep legs uncrossed while sitting in the dental chair to maintain healthy circulation. A pillow and music could make the visit more comfortable and pleasant for the mother and baby.
During the third trimester, only emergency treatment should be done. Now, any elective dental work should wait until after the baby is born. This is to avoid the risk of premature labor. The third trimester also presents issues for some women, such as backaches, frequent need to use the bathroom, or discomfort sitting in the dental chair for long periods at a time.
Another question that arises regarding safety of dental treatment during pregnancy is whether the expectant mother can have X-rays, anesthesia, and/or medication. Routine X-rays are not recommended, emergency X-rays can be done. The American College of Radiology says that no single X-ray has a radiation dose significant enough to cause adverse effects in a developing embryo or fetus. Two aprons for x-rays can be used for added protection. Local anesthesia in Category B (considered safe in pregnancy), such as Lidocaine, can be used. But because Lidocaine does cross the placenta, the amount administered should be minimal—only enough to make the expectant mother comfortable. The more comfortable she is, the less stress will be on her and the baby. No Nitrous oxide should be used. Antibiotics such as Penicillin, Amoxicillin, and Clindamycin (also considered Catergory B) may be prescribed if needed after a procedure.
The main thing to keep in mind is that “Prevention is Key.” It is essential to avoid oral infections. However, if there is an infection, then the consequences of not treating it outweigh risks of medications used during dental treatment.
Expecting parents need to be educated regarding oral care of the infant, and, later, dental care for young children. Did you know that a mother with active tooth decay can also spread the decay-causing-bacteria to her child through saliva? This perpetuates poor oral health.
RELATED: Get more advice on maintaining a healthy pregnancy.
Home care for infants begins with gum massage, removal of plaque, dietary management, and fluoride supplements in areas where water is not optimally fluoridated.
For helpful, up-to-date resources on oral care in pregnancy, visit ADA’s consumer site Mouth-Healthy.
